When the heart stops beating, interrupting the supply of oxygenated blood will damage the brain within minutes. The person concerned may even die in 8-10 minutes.
You are most easily acquainted with the first aid policy in a certified course. They will also teach you to use AED - an automated external defibrillator. If you are unsure about first aid, it is essential to call the emergency line. The dispatcher will give you precise instructions on how to follow the phone.
What now and then
Before you begin, make sure there is no danger (or yourself).
Is the person you are saving, conscious or unconscious? Try to reach out loud or lightly shake it. If they do not show signs of life, call for help.
Call for help ( line 155 or 112 ). If two rescuers are in place, one of you calls an emergency line while the other initiates resuscitation. When you are alone, call first. Do not forget to tell the dispatcher where you are! You can use, for example, unique numbers in public lighting.
Start resuscitation! If AED is available, use it as instructed.
Did the blood circulation recover? If not, compress your chest! If you do not have AED, start by compressing your chest right away.
The Alphabet of Life
The pre-natal first aid procedure is summarized in the first three letters of the alphabet and is based on English names. Thus, as a airway, B as breathing and C as compressions (compression or chest compression). If you are a layperson and you have never been trained for first aid, know that according to the new recommendations, it is especially necessary to initiate an indirect heart massage.
C - chest compression - restores circulation
For success, it is crucial to start and NEVER press the chest.
Kneel from the side to the unconscious person.
Perform an indirect heart massage: Place the wrist of one hand in the center of the sternum (on the nipple connector), put your hand on your wrist with your other hand. Keep your arms stretched, your shoulders above your palms.
With the weight of the upper half of the body begin to compress the chest to a depth of 5-6 cm 100-120 times per minute!
If you are not trained in the CPR, continue the massage until the summoned help arrives. If you are trained, continue breathing control.
A - airway - relax the airways
After 30 chest pressures, relax the airways. Put the palm on your forehead and gently bend your head back. Then with your other hand gently lift your chin up and open the airways.
Make sure you breathe. Watch if your chest rises and if you hear normal breathing. Beware, gasping or breathing is not a sign of normal breathing. If you are trained in first aid and the person is not breathing normally, start breathing from the lungs into the lungs.
B - breathing - Breathing from the lungs into the lungs
Remember: the ratio of chest and breath in adults is 30: 2 !
Close the fingers of the nasal cavity and put your mouth to the unconscious mouth of a person.
Give 2 breaths! After first breathing, make sure the chest rises. If not, relax the airways and give more breath.
Continue with indirect heart massage in a 30 compression ratio: 2 breaths.
Continue CPR until help arrives.
First aid to the child
First aid for adults and children is similar. It also depends on the child's age. The basic differences include:
If you are rescuers yourself, resuscitate in the first step.
First make 5 artificial inspiration. If the child does not show signs of life, start with a massage.
Compress the lower half of the sternum and breathe from lung to lung in a 15: 2 ratio. The compression frequency is 100-120 per minute, the compression depth is at least one third of the depth of the chest.
After one minute, stop the CPR and call for help, then resuscitate.
Once the AED is available, use it and set the CHILD option (do not use in children younger than 1 year).
Continue this until help arrives.
This article is a summary of the most basic first aid principles. For easier memory, you can also look for image algorithms or simple graphs with best practices.
Author: MUDr. Anna Čermáková
Source: U lékaře.cz